The subject of the study is the lexical layer of the modern Chinese language. The object of the study is lexical gaps words realities, denoting objects and phenomena of material and spiritual culture, specific to Chinese people and nonexistent in the Russian language. The aim of the study is to highlight the questions of ways of overcoming the difficulties in translation these lexical units from Chinese to Russian. Authors examine the definitions of the multivalued term "translation', indicators of adequate translation, and also a classification of words realities and ways of transferring their meanings in the target language. The study was based on the method of continuous sampling of language material from lexicographical sources, descriptive and comparative methods. Examples of words realities in the Chinese language with translation into Russian are presented. The peculiarities of translation of the exoticism from the Chinese language to Russian are revealed. The results of this research can be used in the study of the vocabulary of the modern Chinese language, in the practice of its teaching, as well as in the preparation of textbooks.
本文以现代汉语词汇层为研究主题。本文的研究对象是汉语中特有的、俄语中不存在的物质文化和精神文化的对象和现象。本研究旨在探讨如何克服这些词汇单位汉译俄的困难。作者考察了“翻译”这个多值术语的定义、适当翻译的指标、囯俗词语的分类以及在译语中转述其意义的方法。这项研究基于从词典编纂来源连续抽样的方法，描述性和比较法。文中列举了一些译成俄文的中文囯俗词语的实例。揭示了异国情调汉译俄的特殊性。本文的研究成果可用于现代汉语词汇的研究、教学实践以及教材的编写。