This article is the second one in a series of articles devoted to understanding the problems of peace, war, and army in the philosophy of the Ancient World. In the first article the views of Ancient Indian thinkers on peace, war and army were considered. Continuing the conversation, the author refers to the philosophical heritage of Ancient China. The problems of peace, war and army were actively discussed by the thinkers of Ancient China. The increased interest in this topic is due to the fact, that many philosophers were in the public service and were directly involved in the management of the affairs of the state and society. Steady attention of the Ancient Chinese thought to military-philosophical problems is caused by two more factors: first, centuries-old history of China knew the periods of decentralization and the most severe wars between separate kingdoms, a habitual element of political life of the Chinese society were revolts and mass armed performances against the power; secondly, “celestial Empire” was exposed to powerful military pressure from the outside from the neighboring states and nomads. The author introduces readers to the military-philosophical ideas and concepts that have arisen within the framework of various philosophical schools (Confucianism, Moism, Legalism, Taoism). The main attention is paid to the analysis of the basic ideas of the independent direction of Chinese philosophy – the military school “Bin-Jia”, set out in the treatise “Sun Tzu”. Chinese philosophers are the authors of many original ideas. Their contribution to the development of the philosophy of peace, war and army is huge. Many military-philosophical ideas of Ancient China largely anticipated the relevant ideas of Western thinkers.
本文是一系列文章中的第二篇,致力于理解古代世界哲学中的和平、战争和军队问题。第一篇文章讨论了古代印度思想家对和平、战争和军队的看法。继续对话,作者提到了中国古代的哲学遗产。中国古代思想家对和平、战争和军队问题进行了积极的探讨。人们对这一课题的兴趣日益增加,是因为许多哲学家从事公共服务,直接参与国家和社会事务的管理。中国古代思想对军事哲学问题的持续关注,还有两个原因:一是中国数百年的历史,知道分权时期和诸侯国之间最为激烈的战争,中国社会政治生活的一个习惯性因素是反抗和大规模武装表演第二,“天国帝国”面临着来自周边国家和游牧民族的强大军事压力。作者向读者介绍了在各种哲学流派(儒家、墨家、法家、道家)框架内产生的军事哲学思想和概念。重点分析了《孙子》一书中提出的中国哲学独立方向——兵家学派的基本思想。中国哲学家是许多独到见解的作者。他们对和平、战争和军队哲学的发展贡献巨大。中国古代的许多军事哲学思想,很大程度上都是对西方思想家的相关思想的期待。