he article dwells upon the study of the traditions of celebrating the New Year in China and among the Eastern Slavs. They include the folk New Year symbols of the Eastern Slavs - “kalyada”, animal masks - goats, bears, oxen (tour), cranes; and people - a Gypsy man with a Gypsy woman, an old man with an old woman, a Jewish man with a Jewish woman, a gentleman with a lady, an officer and a young woman. The symbols of the most important winter religious holiday - Christmas - are the images of Jesus Christ, Our Lady, the Christmas Star of Bethlehem. Since the 19th century, such attributes of New Year as Christmas tree, Father Frost and Snow Maiden, Christmas toys, as well as symbolic “pictures” of folk New Year’s festivities in the form of sleigh rides, rides on troikas (three horses), various performances with batleikas (puppet shows of the Nativity) and skomorokhs (wandering actors and minstrels) were reflected within the folk art and the professional art. The symbols and the attributes of the Chinese New Year are the spring couplets “chunlian”, the image of the character “happiness”, the New Year pictures “nianhua”, paper patterns “chuanghua”, lanterns “denglong”, New Year toys depicting the image of a mouse, a tiger “lao hu”, a lion “shizi” and some other animals that have become some of the dominant New Year’s images and have found diverse forms of incarnation in various kinds of Chinese folk and academic art. These symbols contain the wisdom and quintessence of the folk culture, because they reflect traditions and customs of previous generations.
本文主要研究在中国以及东斯拉夫人中庆祝新年的传统。它们包括东斯拉夫人的民间新年符号-“ kalyada”，动物面具-山羊，熊，牛，起重机；和人们:一个吉普赛男人和一个吉普赛女人，一个老人和一个老女人，一个犹太男人和一个犹太女人，一个有女士的绅士，一名军官和一个年轻女人。最重要的冬季宗教节日-圣诞节的象征是耶稣基督，圣母，伯利恒圣诞节之星的图像。自19世纪以来，新年的属性包括圣诞树，弗罗斯特神父和雪姑娘，圣诞节玩具以及以雪橇形式三驾马车（三匹马）等等。春节的符号和属性是春联，“幸福”的形象，“年华”春节图片，“创华”纸样，灯笼，春节玩具描绘。鼠标，老虎，狮子以及其他一些动物的图像已成为新年的主要图像，并在各种中国民间艺术和学术艺术中找到了不同的化身形式。这些符号包含了民间文化的智慧和精髓，因为它们反映了前几代人的传统和习俗。