The Soviet-Chinese relations in the 1950s are considered in the article through the prism of the Soviet Union's economic help to China. The review of sources and historical literature devoted to the studied problem is provided, positions of both Russian and Chinese historians are estimated, concrete contracts and agreements between two countries are analysed. The authors come to a conclusion that what was the cornerstone of the Soviet economic help to China in the 1950s, in many respects meant the ideological reasons: what was the base of ideology of the leading parties of both countries, was Marxism-Leninism. What was a basis of the help to People's Republic of China from the Soviet Union became the aspiration to create the industry which would be modern at that time and would promote formation of the Chinese working class as the main ally of working class of the Soviet Union.
本文从苏联对华经济援助的角度,对20世纪50年代的苏中关系进行了思考。本文回顾了有关这一问题的资料来源和历史文献,估计了俄中两国历史学家的立场,分析了两国之间的具体合同和协议。20世纪50年代苏联对华经济援助的基石,在许多方面都意味着意识形态的原因:两国执政党的意识形态基础是马克思列宁主义。苏联帮助中华人民共和国的基础是创建推动中国工人阶级成为苏联工人阶级主要盟友的现代工业的愿望。