The article deals with the issues of specific differences of negation in a simple sentence with a subject-predicate structure. The typology of negations is studied from a retrospective linguistic, semantic, stylistic and grammatical points of view. The authors identify five main factors that affect the choice of negation, namely, 1) the factor related to the goal of the utterance; 2) the factor of the time of the action; 3) the factor depending on the type of the predicate, 4) the factor associated with emotional color and/or semantic content, and, finally, 5) the factor associated with the use of certain negations due to language habits, historically entrenched in modern language, fixed expressions and idiomatic expressions, style of speech. Analyzing each factor that affects the choice of the negation option, the authors offer and describe examples from the practical Chinese Language, providing them with comments and explanations.
本文讨论带有主语和谓语结构的简句中否定的具体差异问题。从追溯的语言学、语义学、文体学和语法学的角度研究否定的类型学。作者确定了影响否定选择的五个主要因素,即:1)与话语目标相关的因素; 2)采取行动的时间因素; 3)取决于谓词类型的因素,4)与情感色彩和/或语义内容相关的因素,最后,5)与语言习俗导致的某些否定的使用相关的因素,历史在现代已根深固定语言,固定表达和惯用语,言语风格。通过分析影响否定选项选择的每个因素,作者提供并描述了实用汉语中的示例,并为他们提供了评论和解释。