This article explores the question of theoretical principles of environmental design. The writings of the Russian and Chinese authors became the key historiographical and literary materials for this research. To address the question at hand, the author takes the following steps: examines information on classification of the specialty “environmental design” in education systems of various countries, primarily in Russia and China; correlates the concepts of “art” and “environmental design”, dedicating particular attention to similarities of these two areas of knowledge; systematizes the levels of environmental design; formulates the goal, method and content of the indicated academic and scientific scope of activity. The method of historiographical analysis for studying the original sources on education systems of Russia and China was applied in the course of this research. The comparative analysis was used for identification of similarities and differences with regards to classification of the specialty “environmental design” in various countries. The author determined that the concept of “artistic” environmental design exists only in Russia and China. The conclusion is made that environmental design, as a separate category of scientific and academic knowledge, is similar to visual arts from the perspective of purpose and object, in other words, “coordination of the relations” (for environmental design it is the interaction between human and environment) and “Image”. The method of environmental design incorporated the theoretical results of adjacent areas - the design of architectural environment and landscape architecture. The scientific novelty is defined by comparison of the sources and literature of Russia and China.
本文探讨了环境设计的理论原理问题。俄罗斯和中国作家的作品成为该研究的主要史学和文学材料。为了解决当前的问题,作者采取以下步骤:研究有关各国(主要在俄罗斯和中国)的教育系统中“环境设计”专业的分类的信息;将“艺术”和“环境设计”的概念联系起来,特别注意这两个知识领域的相似性;系统化环境设计水平;制定所指定学术和科学活动范围的目标,方法和内容。在研究过程中,采用了史学分析方法来研究俄罗斯和中国教育系统的原始资料。比较分析用于确定各国在“环境设计”专业分类方面的异同。作者确定“艺术”环境设计的概念仅存在于俄罗斯和中国。结论是,从目的和客体的角度来看,环境设计作为一门科学和学术知识的单独类别,类似于视觉艺术,换句话说就是“关系的协调”和“图片”。环境设计方法结合了相邻区域的理论结果-建筑环境和景观设计。科学新颖性是通过比较俄罗斯和中国的来源和文献来定义的。