The article analyses the experiment conducted by He Jiankui, a professor from the Southern University of Science and Technology (Shenzhen, China), and compares major approaches to the first-ever human genetic modifications in terms of criminal law. Criminal-law scientists in China consider He Jiankui’s experiment as illegal and punishable. However, they make different legal evaluation of it: an illegal medical practice, a forgery of documents or a fraud. The author concludes that both the Chinese law and the Russian law are not ready to adequately respond to illegal activities in the field of genetics. The article makes an assessment of public danger caused by different manipulations with the human genome. According to the author, socially dangerous manipulaions include: 1) changing the embryo genome by means of gene-editing techniques with further implantation of the embryo in a situation when parents are not aware of such manipulations and their possible consequences; 2) applying genetic therapy or other transgenesis to a person who is not aware of the character of such manipulations and their possible consequences.
本文对南方科技大学（深圳）教授贺建奎所做的实验进行分析，并从刑法角度对首次人类基因改造的主要途径进行比较。中国的刑法学家认为贺建奎的实验是违法的，应该受到惩罚。然而，他们对贺建奎的实验进行不同的法律评价：非法行医、伪造文件和欺诈。笔者认为，中国法律和俄罗斯法律都没有准备好充分应对遗传学领域的非法活动。本文对人类基因组的不同操作造成的公共危险进行评估，其包括：1）在父母不知道这种操作及其可能后果的情况下，通过使用基因工程技术将变化引入胚胎基因组，然后将胚胎植；2）对不知道这种操作的特点及其可能后果的人使用基因治疗或其他转基因。